Apulia

A like fate overtook the Turkish vessel.

The small ship, however, though for a long time severely tried by wind and waves, finally reached the shores of Apulia in safety.

Although the winter had set in with intense cold and a heavy fall of snow, Ignatius had no garments save a pair of knee-breeches of a very rough texture, leaving the legs naked, a black waistcoat open and quite ragged about his shoulders, a light cloak made of coarse hair, and a pair of shoes.

He arrived at Venice about the middle of January, having spent a good part of the preceding month and all of November aboard the ship which carried him from Cyprus.

So this is the heel of Italy, and then all the way down into the front of the boot, which is Calabria.

So Abruzzo, Mugliese, which is a puny, teeny little region, Basilicata, Puglia, Calabria, Campania, all of those areas in the south.

Now, these areas are excellent for people who like, we don't like, but are interested a little more comfortable with less services, let's say, with less organization.

Things move much slower, but the communities are much tighter.

So the aspect of being around locals and being invited in and having that sort of communal lifestyle, this is better in the South.

It's a little fresher in the South, meaning that, you know, the food, in my opinion, Puglia has the best food in all of Italy.

So you get a lot of really... natural, organic kind of fresh food.

I mean, you get that everywhere in Italy, but I always find the vegetables in the south are much better.

We have a home there.

And to me, the best kept secret of Italy in the summer is in the region of Calabria and Puglia.

And this itinerary we're personally doing because we just think it's a phenomenal one to do a sailing ship through the Mediterranean waters, Adriatic, just beautiful, beautiful experience.

That sounds epic.

And I have to say, I was in Puglia this past summer, right? And to your point earlier of why the Windstar experience is the way to do it, is flying intra-Europe is a nightmare.

It is.

And

It's how are you all? How's your week been, Kirsty?

Well, actually, as this episode drops, we're time traveling again and I would have just returned from Rome and Puglia.

So I will be sitting in desperately awful jet lag, which I suffer from terribly, even though I know it's a mindset.

It's a mindset.

His third expedition in 966 brought him into connection with the Greek lands in the south of the peninsula.

He restored Pope John XIII, Leo VIII's successor whom the Romans had banished, made an alliance with the Lombard prince of Capua, and after a long struggle with the Greeks of Apulia and Calabria knit together east and west by marrying his son Otto who had been crowned as joint emperor on Christmas Day 967 to Theophano, a princess of the imperial house of Constantinople.

This was the last achievement of Otto I's long reign.

In 973, he died in his native Saxony and was buried by the side of his first wife, Edith, in the Cathedral of Magdeburg, the seat of the archbishopric, which he had founded as a mission center for the newly conquered Slav tribes.

Synods were held in Italy, France and Germany.

Decrees were issued against simony and clerical marriage, and everywhere the Pope appeared in person to lend the weight of his authority and eloquence to the cause of reform.

Yet though his spiritual influence was so great that after his death he was canonized as a saint, he was fated to end his life in disappointment and failure in a struggle for temporal power with the Norman lords of Apulia.

In the early 11th century the Greeks still ruled Apulia from their capital Bari, and the republics of Naples, Amalfi and Gaeta recognized their overlordship.

Norman knights commanded by William Ironarm, son of Tancred of Hauteville, won a splendid victory over the Saracens in Sicily in 1039, leading the van of the Greek army under the standard of George Maniakes.

But their services were ill-requited, and they then resolved to reward themselves with the conquest of Apulia.

Army after army commanded by the Catapans, as the vice-regents of the Eastern Emperors were called, was vanquished by the hardy warriors of the North.

Normans and Lombards, sometimes in alliance, sometimes at war with each other, were continually pressing southwards and wresting the country, piece by piece, from the Eastern Empire.

It was of the highest importance for the stability of the Western Empire and the Papacy that these powerful people should not establish an independent kingdom.

Weimar, the Lombard prince of Salerno, had already invested Drogo, a brother of William Ironarm, and Radulf, another Norman, with the lordships of Apulia and Calabria.

Henry now compelled Weimar to renounce his claim to suzerainty.

Drogo and Radulf were reinvested by the Emperor himself, and together with Weimar did homage to him as their overlord.

Normandy advanced to the seaboard on the west, gained a boundary, important as well for its physical characteristics as for its two harbours, the dangerous Barfleur to the east and the important Cherbourg to the west, marked out by the Romans as a stronghold from whence perhaps it gained its name, Caesaris Burgus, and now the most important port of northern France.

The district thus acquired formed the kernel of Norman nationality, which sent forth in later times the conqueror of Apulia and Sicily, and many of the leaders in William the Conqueror's army.

The Channel Islands from that day forward belonged to the Norman dukes, were transferred to England at the conquest, were retained when John lost Normandy, and to this day, though French in speech, remain English in heart and allegiance, forming distinct commonwealths dependent on the English crown but sending no representatives to Parliament, and enjoying a legislative independence perhaps unequalled by any island immediately round our coasts, if we accept the Isle of Man.

We have seen how completely the followers of Rollo had thrown themselves into the dynastic quarrels of their adopted country, and had assumed the language and the manners of Frenchmen.

Sicily in the hands of the Moslem formed part of the kingdom of Tunis and had long been an object of desire to the Eastern Emperor.

In the year 1038 Maniace, catapan of Lombardy, excited by the internal divisions which weakened the power of the Arabs, called in the aid of the Normans and by their assistance regained at last the greater portion of the island.

Maniace, however, by his avarice and his ingratitude alienated his newfound allies and a quarrel ensuing as to the division of the spoil the Normans returned two years afterwards to avenge the injury by attacking Apulia 1040 to 1043.

The Greeks were defeated in a battle on the plains of Cannae and after two years a few towns alone remained to the Emperor of the East.

Well, you know, it's different for different projects.

And the Architecture of Science project, which is placed very specifically in an area, a relatively small area between the cities of Matera and Altamura in Basilicata in Puglia.

respectively, in Southern Italy, in a sense, I understand my photographic practice as first, it's a practice in series, which is to say it's a conceptual practice.

It shares a great deal with how I would like to understand the kinds of conceptual art that I care about, which is to say that it It functions through mechanisms that we are familiar with, say, in music or in literature, through repetition, through repetition of structure, repetition of compositional structure, or of, say, semantic limits within the frame or within the series.