Antioquia

Uh, I live in Puget Sound, and you live in Medellín.

Uh, Antioquia is a spectacularly mineralized province.

I've, I invested in Mineros de Antioquia, now Mineros, when it was listed on the Colombian exchange thirty years ago, but a lot has changed.

The, arguably the sociology of Antioquia, particularly Marmato, has changed.

Uh, arguably the infrastructure has changed.

And arguably Colombian politics took a turn for the better very recently.

So I would turn the question around and ask you, what can you say with regards to being a Colombian resident, uh, about the increasing outlook for mining in Colombia, given the changing politics, the improved infrastructure, and the changing sociology, uh, of that province? The first time I went to Antioquia, uh, I was informed very, very, very overtly of the kidnapping risk, saying, "We have to take you in by helicopter.

We have to take you out before anybody knows." Uh, obviously-- uh, that was to Marmato, by the way.

A fertile field is here open to discovery, although the voltaic pile has already taught us the intimate connection existing between electric, magnetic, and chemical phenomena.

who will venture to affirm that we have any precise knowledge in the present day of that part of the atmosphere which is not oxygen or that thousands of gaseous substances affecting our organs may not be mixed with the nitrogen or finally that we have even discovered the whole number of the forces which pervade the universe it is not the purpose of this essay on the physical history of the world to reduce all sensible phenomena to a small number of abstract principles based on reason only the physical history of the universe whose exposition i attempt to develop does not pretend to rise to the perilous abstraction of a purely rational science of nature and is simply a physical geography combined with a description of the regions of space and the bodies occupying them devoid of the profoundness of a purely speculative philosophy my essay on the cosmos treats of the contemplation of the universe and is based upon a rational empiricism that is to say upon the results of the facts registered by science and tested by the operations of the intellect it is within these limits alone that the work which i now venture to undertake appertains to the sphere of labor to which i have devoted myself throughout the course of my long scientific career the path of inquiry is not unknown to me although it may be pursued by others with greater success the unity which i seek to attain in the development of the great phenomena of the universe is analogous to that which historical composition is capable of acquiring all points relating to the accidental individualities and the essential variations of the actual whether in the form and arrangement of natural objects in the struggle of man against the elements or of nations against nations do not admit of being based only on a rational foundation that is to say of being deduced from ideas alone it seems to me that a like degree of empiricism attaches to the description of the universe and to civil history but in reflecting upon physical phenomena and events and tracing their causes by the process of reason we become more and more convinced of the truth of the ancient doctrine that the forces inherent in matter and those which govern the moral world exercise their action under the control of primordial necessity and in accordance with movements occurring periodically after longer or shorter intervals it is this necessity this occult but permanent connection this periodical recurrence in the progressive development of forms phenomena and events which constitute nature obedient to the first impulse imparted to it physics as the term signifies is limited to the explanation of the phenomena of the material world by the properties of matter the ultimate object of the experimental sciences is therefore to discover laws and to trace their progressive generalization all that exceeds this goes beyond the province of the physical description of the universe and appertains to a range of higher speculative views immanuel kant one of the few philosophers who have escaped the imputation of impiety has defined with rare sagacity the limits of physical explanations in his celebrated essay on the theory and structure of the heavens published at knigsberg in seventeen fifty five the study of a science that promises to lead us through the vast range of creation may be compared to a journey in a far distant land before we set forth we consider and often with distrust our own strength and that of the guide we have chosen but the apprehensions which have originated in the abundance and the difficulties attached to the subjects we would embrace recede from view as we remember that with the increase of observations in the present day there has also arisen a more intimate knowledge of the connection existing among all phenomena it has not unfrequently happened that the researches made at remote distances have often and unexpectedly thrown light upon subjects which had long resisted the attempts made to explain them within the narrow limits of our own sphere of observation organic forms that had long remained isolated both in the animal and vegetable kingdom have been connected by the discovery of intermediate links or stages of transition the geography of beings endowed with life attains completeness as we see the species genera and entire families belonging to one hemisphere reflected as it were in analogous animal and vegetable forms in the opposite hemisphere these are so to speak the equivalents which mutually personate and replace one another in the great series of organisms these connecting links and stages of transition may be traced alternately in a deficiency or an excess of development of certain parts in the mode of junction of distinct organs in the differences in the balance of forces or in a resemblance to intermediate forms which are not permanent but merely characteristic of certain phases of normal development passing from the consideration of beings endowed with life to that of inorganic bodies we find many striking illustrations of the high state of advancement to which modern geology has attained we thus see according to the grand views of lis de beaumont how chains of mountains dividing different climates and floras and different races of men reveal to us their relative age both by the character of the sedimentary strata they have uplifted and by the directions which they follow over the long fissures with which the earth's crust is furrowed Relations of superposition of trachyte and of sinitic porphyry, of diorite and of serpentine, which remain doubtful when considered in the auriferous soil of Hungary, in the rich platinum districts of the Aral, and on the southwestern declivity of the Siberian Altai, are elucidated by the observations that have been made on the plateaus of Mexico and Antioquia, and in the unhealthy ravines of Choco.

The most important facts on which the physical history of the world has been based in modern times have not been accumulated by chance.

It has at length been fully acknowledged, and the conviction is characteristic of the age, that the narrative of distant travels, too long occupied in the mere recital of hazardous adventures, can only be made a source of instruction where the traveler is acquainted with a condition of the science he would enlarge, and is guided by reason of his researches.

Sí, sí.

Como dicen en Antioquía, donde usted es de las putierres, dicen también.

Sí, sí, co-- pero qué ta-- qué taleza.

Y no existe ningún indicio, no hay nada que así lo indique.

And former President Álvaro Uribe testified in court on Friday about his role in the massacres at the El Aro and La Granja farms, as well as the murder of human rights defender Jesús María Valle.

These are events which took place between 1996 and 1998, during Uribe's governorship of the Department of Antioquia.

Uribe's complicity in these crimes has long been debated, as have his links to the paramilitary groups responsible for these atrocities, often in alliance with the Colombian military.

On Friday, Uribe was questioned by the Attorney General.

This ongoing case aims to determine whether Uribe, while governor of Antioquia, promoted the formation of paramilitary armies that carried out the massacres, murders, tortures and land grabs in the department, as well as whether he himself was involved in those crimes.

And problems for another former president this week as airline Avianca cancelled Gustavo Petro's flights to and from Mexico for a planned meeting with Mexico's president.

This was justified on the grounds of Petro's presence on the so-called Clinton list.

Como-- claro, campesino analfabeto Y que descubren que con poco esfuerzo inicial pueden empezar a subir y tener el respeto de su comunidad y de su sociedad.

Em, entonces, la diferencia que yo veo es que no viene de la tradición, digamos, de la zona de Antioquia, que desde la colonia tiene una tradición también de contrabando muy fuerte.

No, eh, lo que él tiene es una tradición de cultivador-

Campesino

And the paper that I'm discussing today is really looking at one particular area, which is the Zona de Reserva Campesina Valle del Río Similtarra, which crosses four municipalities in the area of Magdalena Medio.

It's within the department of Bolívar and also Antioquia.

This research was possible because of the peace process at the time.

FARC had a big presence in this area and as it had across the country at that time.

Dice: "Mi hipótesis, [chasquido de lengua] eh, de investigación, además de descubrir el fondo privado estadounidense y sus socios, que puede estar detrás de los dos millones de bots, el fondo mueve empresas de Miami y de Medellín.

Denuncié cómo mezclan dinero público de Medellín con dineros de narcos y dinero del oro ilegal de Antioquia y quienes están detrás de la campaña de desprestigio contra Iván Cepeda y contra mí.

Pero en Colombia la campaña de Cerimedo no logró sino acercar a Velardo a Iván.

Fracasó por las mayorías y muy conscientes del pueblo y a pesar de la debilidad de la campaña que Iván Cepeda, eh, tuvo en comunicación".