Anastasius I Dicorus

And it is worth reading.

So Pope Galatius wrote to the Emperor Anastasius.

in 494 AD, in a letter that has been studied immensely over these more than 1500 years.

And this is what he says.

He says that Pope Galatius to the Emperor Anastasius, he says, "...there are two powers, August Emperor, by which this world is chiefly ruled." The sacred authority of the priesthood and the royal power.

Two powers then, both from God, both ruled over by Christ, the King of Kings, but both of these powers, the sacred authority of the priesthood and the royal power, both of them rule this world.

Each in its own sphere rules on earth.

broke out between the Gothic kingdom and the empire in consequence of Theoderic's annexation of Sirmium

in Illyria ended in 509, and while Anastasius lived, friendly relations were maintained between the two courts.

but when justin succeeded as emperor and became reconciled to the pope the fear that the emperor might manifest his orthodoxy by inaugurating a persecution of the arians in the east led to friction between him and theodoric In the year 525, when this policy of persecution began, Theoderic sent Pope John I

to Constantinople

Encouraged by the imperial patronage, the Blues appeared to have created something like a reign of terror in the city, till at last Justinian determined to assert his authority.

An opportunity for doing so occurred in January 532, when a faction fight began in the city which ended in the two factions joining together to attack the authorities.

After some days of rioting, in the course of which a considerable part of the city was burnt, the people seized Hypatius, a nephew of Anastasius, and compelled him to be crowned as emperor.

The fate of Justinian seemed to hang in the balance and some of his ministers advised him to fly, but Theodora repudiated the suggestion with indignation and declared that empire is a fair winding-sheet.

End footnote.

Under Anastasius, who succeeded on the death of Zeno, these factions became more aggressive, while a war with Persia and inroads of Slavs and Bulgarians from across the Danube disturbed the peace of the empire.

End of chapter 2.

Chapter 3 of The Dawn of Medieval Europe, 476-918 by J.H. Masterman.

He seems to have secured the confirmation of his kingship from his Ostrogothic followers.

He also sent to the emperor at Constantinople for the ratification of his title.

Zeno's death in 491 delayed the negotiations, and it was not until six years later that Anastasius gave a vague recognition to Theodoric's kingship.

As king of the Goths and Romans, for that was probably his title, Theodoric was for all practical purposes absolute monarch of Italy.

The economic historian Robert Lopez famously called it the dollar of the Middle Ages.

In the East, Emperor Anastasius added a heavy copper coin called the phallus around 498, and Byzantium kept a working three-metal system for everyday life.

Frank Holt notes that the Byzantium coins would have blended Greek, Roman, and Christian imagery into one.

Meanwhile, in the West, things were drastically different.

They demanded John the Cappadocian's dismissal, and Justinian gave it to them.

But it didn't help.

The crowd crowned a rival emperor, Hippotitus, a nephew of the late emperor, Anastasius.

According to Procopius, Justinian was ready to flee by ship.

The first case of recorded reverse psychology.

General Anastasius of Rome.

There were calls for him to abdicate the throne.

The dukes and all the lords of the land, they were fighting each other.

And since man's temporal end is subordinated to his eternal end, the temporal power must be subordinated to the spiritual power." And they continue, and I quote, The origin of the integralist phrase, the two powers, can be traced to Pope St.

Gelasius I's letter to Emperor Anastasius I.

For there are two, O Emperor Augustus, by which the world is principally ruled, the sacred authority of pontiffs and the royal power.

Now, even though integralism can be traced back to 494 AD, this principle was universally shattered when the Protestant Reformation occurred in the 16th century.