al-Zahrawi

If we mention the work of Muslim scientists in the field of biology, such as Abu Bakr, Al-Razi, known as Raizes, wrote extensively on medicine, disease, diagnosis and treatment.

Al-Zahrawi, known as...

Al-Bukassis.

I didn't know this.

Al-Razi, born 854...

Al-Zahrawi, born 936, he described specific cupping sites and drew diagrams of the instruments.

Ibn Sina, born 980, included cupping in his medical writings.

These aren't marginal figures.

These are the foundational physicians of medieval medicine.

Al-Zahrawi's illustrated surgical textbook was a standard reference in Europe for centuries.

Then it spreads to Renaissance Europe.

14th through 17th centuries, cupping is popular in Italy and across Europe, especially for gout and arthritis.

Yeah.

And then we get to the beginning of the 11th century with Al-Zahrawi, who is often regarded as the father of modern surgery.

And I'm like, "I can't keep track of all these fathers," you know?

Yeah.