What is their recourse? Where do they go next?

And those are devastating conversations.

I've gotten to know many members of the TPS communities now for about a decade.

It was the first Trump administration also went to war against the statute.

And as you say, there are people who have lived here for years.

They've raised their families here.

The status is temporary, but people's lives aren't temporary.

toward a reimagined America for folks who are watching beyond the stakes, for the folks who have temporary protective status? What does it mean for our identity as a nation of immigrants?

Mr. Alulantham.

Thank you, Mr.

Chief Justice, and may it please the Court.

Congress struck a balance in the TPS statute.

It granted the Secretary substantial discretion to designate countries at the outset, but constrained the authority to terminate TPS once people have come to rely on it through mandatory procedures and rules.

Congress struck a corresponding balance on judicial review.

It didn't broadly bar review of all policies and procedures or all questions of law and fact, as in neighboring immigration statutes.

If we apply ordinary meaning of that term here, I- I, I, I really don't understand how you can prevail.

Mr. Arulanantham.

Thank you, Mr.

Chief Justice, and may it please the Court.

Congress struck a balance in the TPS statute.

It granted the Secretary substantial discretion to designate countries at the outset, but constrained the authority to terminate TPS once people have come to rely on it through mandatory procedures and rules.

Congress struck a corresponding balance on judicial review.

It didn't broadly bar review of all policies and procedures or all questions of law and fact as in neighboring immigration statutes.

If we apply ordinary meaning of that term here, I, I, I, I really don't understand how you can prevail.

Mr. Arulanantham.

Thank you, Mr.

Chief Justice, and may it please the Court.

Congress struck a balance in the TPS statute.

It granted the Secretary substantial discretion to designate countries at the outset, but constrained the authority to terminate TPS once people have come to rely on it through mandatory procedures and rules.

Congress struck a corresponding balance on judicial review.

It didn't broadly bar review of all policies and procedures or all questions of law and fact as in neighboring immigration statutes.

If we apply ordinary meaning of that term here, I, I, I, I really don't understand how you can prevail.

So again, this, I think this process is so little understood, in part because how often does it actually happen?

Yeah, the number of cases are really rare.

You know, in the first Trump administration, it was something like 25 cases a year that I think actually were charged, which is, you know, not even a drop in the bucket when you think about all of the federal criminal cases happening, um, let alone all the deportation cases happening.

And that itself was a very big increase from prior years.

It was, like, roughly double, I think.

Before that, it had been, like, 10, 15 cases a year.

So it's very, very, very rare.

Professor Arulanantham, uh, you heard Laura Reese there, first of all, state something which I think a lot of Americans agree with, that it's quite a privilege to become a naturalized citizen, and so therefore, should there actually be, in a sense, a higher standard, uh, for those citizens when they are, you know, discovered as to having committed fraud or- or a crime post or even pre- or post their- their naturalization? I mean, what do you think about that?

Just paint a picture for me of what that looks and feels like in ways that I think set the stage for what happens in this case.

I, I am a long-term, uh, Southern California resident, as you say.

I live in, now, the San Gabriel Valley, which is the Pasadena area.

And I'll give you a simple example of how fundamentally it's, um, changed things for people.

Um, my child plays soccer, uh, she's a nine year old, in parks in Pasadena.

And there was an ICE enforcement action one of the weekends before the injunction came down at a park in Pasadena.

And, you know, San Gabriel Valley, I would guess, is probably even more than 47% Latino, although I don't know that for sure.

You're doing such a nice job of sort of explaining how radical this departure is, and I'm gonna ask you to do one more slightly wonky lawyerly thing, which is speak to this issue of standing in this case, because (laughs) you know, I've been covering the court for a long time, and standing will get you where you (laughs) wanna go an awful lot, and um, the fast and looseness of Justice Kavanaugh's application of standing here, while it sounds kind of, like, abstract, is a game changer as well.

What are we missing in this larger discourse, even before this case comes down, about what life on the ground since Operation At Large launches in L.A. on June 6th of this year? Just paint a picture for me of what that looks and feels like in ways that I think set the stage for what happens in this case.

I am a long-term Southern California resident, as you say.

I live in now the San Gabriel Valley, which is the Pasadena area.

And I'll give you a simple example of how fundamentally it's changed things for people.

My child plays soccer.

She's a nine-year-old in parks in Pasadena.

And there was an ICE enforcement action one of the weekends before the injunction came down at a park in Pasadena.

And the fast and looseness of Justice Kavanaugh's application of standing here, while it sounds kind of like abstract, is a game changer as well.

As a longtime Southern Californian, what are we missing in this larger discourse, even before this case comes down, about what life on the ground since Operation At Large launches in L.A. on June 6th of this year? Just paint a picture for me of what that looks and feels like in ways that I think set the stage for what happens in this case.

I am a long-term Southern California resident, as you say.

I live in now the San Gabriel Valley, which is the Pasadena area.

And I'll give you a simple example of how fundamentally it's changed things for people.

My child plays soccer.

She's a nine-year-old in parks in Pasadena.

And there was an ICE enforcement action one of the weekends before the injunction came down at a park in Pasadena.

And the fast and looseness of Justice Kavanaugh's application of standing here, while it sounds kind of like abstract, is a game changer as well.

What are we missing in this larger discourse, even before this case comes down, about what life on the ground since Operation At Large launches in L.A. on June 6th of this year? Just paint a picture for me of what that looks and feels like in ways that I think set the stage for what happens in this case.

I'm a long-term Southern California resident, as you say.

I live in now the San Gabriel Valley, which is the Pasadena area.

And I'll give you a simple example of how fundamentally it's changed things for people.

My child plays soccer.

She's a nine-year-old in parks in Pasadena.

And there was an ICE enforcement action one of the weekends before the injunction came down at a park in Pasadena.

And the fast and looseness of Justice Kavanaugh's application of standing here, while it sounds kind of like abstract, is a game changer as well.

Just paint a picture for me of what that looks and feels like in ways that I think set the stage for what happens in this case.

I, I am a long-term, uh, Southern California resident, as you say.

I live in, now, the San Gabriel Valley, which is the Pasadena area.

And I'll give you a simple example of how fundamentally it's, um, changed things for people.

Um, my child plays soccer, uh, she's a nine-year-old, in parks in Pasadena, and there was an ICE enforcement action one of the weekends before the injunction came down at a park in Pasadena.

And, you know, San Gabriel Valley, I would guess, is probably even more than 47% Latino, although I don't know that for sure.

Pasadena is within this area called the San Gabriel Valley broadly.

And, um, the fast and looseness of Justice Kavanaugh's application of standing here, while it sounds kind of, like, abstract, is a game changer as well.

Like, there are more rules in the military?

Well, I mean, the defense secretary can't by himself say, like, "Hey, let's go start bombing Somalia tomorrow," without any, you know, c- conversation (laughs) with other people within the administration.

Nobody thinks that the secretary of defense on their own can authorize that kind of use of military.

In contrast, the DHS secretary can, routinely does even before Noem, decide, "You know what? We're gonna really focus on work site enforcement now," or, "We're gonna really focus only on jail," you know, just- just targeting people after they have served a sentence and, you know, we've screened them to determine that they're not citizens who might be deportable.

Which is s- a version of what Secretary Mayorkas did.

Or, "Oh, we're gonna really target poultry plants now in the Midwest and the South," you know, which is, uh, some version of which, uh, kind of happened during the first Trump Administration sort of.

And those have massive impacts on, you know, of course the many people directly affected, also those communities and the economic, um, you know, uh, situation of the surrounding populations.

A president can't use their-