Acetyl-CoA

It also helps with protecting aspects of our DNA and our proteins, as I mentioned, and then detoxification here as well.

So there's multiple, multiple roles from B5 to CoA to Acetyl-CoA.

I do want to point something out here.

For your body to turn coenzyme A into Acetyl-CoA, that requires vitamin B1 dependent enzyme.

So you can see the inner reactions or the inner relationships between these different vitamins.

Just in this chart, we talked about B5, B1, but also down here, vitamin D.

So this seems like a pretty mild solution that's safe and it doesn't have a toxicity profile, but also has clinical relevancy and potential better outcome and less risk.

And this study was done where they were looking at the function of vitamin B5 and its relationship to being able to be beneficial in anti-cancer immunotherapy.

I've never heard of the mitochondria.

Yeah, we're all low on the raw materials of acetyl-CoA plus choline.

We're generally a little bit low on the production of those receptors.

Okay.

And cardiolipin, like I said, is that necessary structural piece that comes into play.

So that is where nutritionally I would look at supporting the mitochondria to have the effect of what the vagus nerve is trying to do down the road.

Then we get into the nutrients that build up acetylcholine and That is specifically acetyl-CoA and choline.

Now choline just comes from our diet directly, which is awesome.

Part of that breakdown is in the pyruvate.

Vitamin B1 helps you convert that chemical into this substance here called acetyl-CoA, which is a precursor to making acetylcholine, which is what we just finished talking about.

That acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter that regulates your parasympathetic nervous system.

That's the part of your nervous system that helps you heal, repair, digest, sleep, have sex, etc.

The mitochondria convert those fuels into adenosine triphosphate, ATP, and then that ATP is then utilised as an energy source throughout the body.

Basic Physiology describes how the Krebs cycle converts Acetyl-CoA into ATP.

The Acetyl-CoA can be effectively sourced from either glucose, fatty acids or amino acids from proteins.

There are essential fats and essential proteins that are required in the diet but there are no essential carbohydrates that are required for mitochondrial function.

Mother Nature has not made us dependent on one seasonally available carbohydrate.

So if you're producing a lot and using very little, then you won't, that's energetically inefficient.

it's not really appropriate from a performance perspective but you'll have incredibly high levels of ketones and when I went through the biochemistry of it the only way it made sense that people on incredibly high fat diets would get very high levels of ketones in their blood for the simple reason that that fat that they were taking in their bulletproof coffees and creams and you know butter and what have you was displacing protein and just very trying to simplify it basically when you have beta fatty acid oxidation it forms something called acetyl CoA that acetyl CoA if it can will enter our mitochondria and be burned for energy in what we call the TCA now to enter that though it needs a substance called oxaloacetate and on a low carb diet we are constantly depleting our stores of oxaloacetate to make new glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis.

So that we don't end up with a deficit of oxaloacetate, we need to ingest an appropriate amount of protein because certain amino acids can replenish oxaloacetate.

In the situation that we don't replenish our oxaloacetate with enough protein, then this acetyl-CoA will be diverted to produce ketones.